Eric,
When the "Printing Inventory Labels" button is selected on the Post Receiving Options window, the Stock Code Label Printing window displays using the same defaults as when activated via the menu option Inventory - Labels. As such, the bar code selected is the same so you should automatically be generating bar codes. If the correct bar code is not set, simply select if from the drop-down.
PS I am assuming that the label format selected includes a bar code.